what do moles look like

Cutaneous Melanocytic Nevi

Characteristics of Nevi

Nevi, commonly known as moles, are benign skin lesions resulting from the proliferation of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. They vary significantly in appearance, influenced by factors including genetics, sun exposure, and individual differences.

Visual Presentation

Size and Shape:

Nevi can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They may be round, oval, or irregularly shaped. The borders may be well-defined or indistinct.

Color:

Coloration varies widely, ranging from light brown or tan to dark brown or black. Some may exhibit multiple colors within a single lesion. Red or bluish hues may be present, sometimes indicating atypical features requiring professional evaluation.

Surface Texture:

The surface texture can be smooth, flat, raised, or bumpy. Some nevi may have a pebbly or warty appearance. Hair growth may or may not be present on the surface.

Types of Nevi

  • Congenital Nevi: Present at birth.
  • Acquired Nevi: Develop during life, typically during childhood and adolescence.
  • Dysplastic Nevi: Atypical moles with irregular borders, multiple colors, and larger size, carrying a higher risk of malignant transformation.

Clinical Significance

Regular self-examination and professional dermatological assessment are crucial for early detection of any changes in size, shape, color, or other characteristics of existing nevi, as these may indicate malignant transformation into melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. Asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter greater than 6 mm (the "ABCDEs of melanoma"), and evolving features are warning signs requiring prompt medical attention.

Further Considerations

Factors such as sun exposure, genetics, and age influence both the development and appearance of nevi. Variations in appearance are common and do not necessarily indicate malignancy, but professional consultation is recommended for any concerning changes or atypical features.